Ep. 63: EPC’s Alex Lidow: GaN Applications and Reliability from Ground to Space

Ep. 63: EPC's Alex Lidow: GaN Applications and Reliability from Ground to Space

Get the inside scoop on industry news and technology!

In this episode, EPC CEO Alex Lidow returns to the podcast to talk with Marti about GaN’s growth in space, automotive, and AI.

EPC’s Gallium Nitride (GaN) products have transformed the industry since Spirit first partnered with EPC on franchised distribution 6 years ago. EPC CEO Alex Lidow returns to the podcast to talk with Marti about GaN’s growth in space, automotive, and AI.

With space flight heritage and active products in all orbits from LEO to GEO to Mars, GaN has superior radiation resilience for satellites, data gathering, and exploration. For more info on EPC @ Spirit Electronics, visit SpiritElectronics.com/linecard/epc.

Spirit Electronics Profiled for Manufacturing in Focus Article

As Seen in the November 2024 Edition of Manufacturing in Focus:

 

Spirit Electronics is a company to watch. After profiling the business in 2019 and 2023, Manufacturing in Focus sat down with Chief Executive Officer Marti McCurdy once again to hear the latest news and developments, from the firm’s exciting role in New Space to its latest ASIC solutions.

Based in Phoenix, Arizona, this veteran-owned and woman-owned business supplies high-reliability components and superior supply-chain solutions for the aerospace and defense sectors. The company offers a wide variety of specific services, including inspection and analysis, ASIC programs, foundry services, test services, and aerospace and defense programs, as well as a number of custom services.

New Space is a term for the emerging private space industry. This entrepreneurial space race is expanding rapidly, and the opportunities are abundant. “New Space is just the most booming part of the industry there is,” McCurdy says. “The number of satellites going up in constellations–it’s literally crowded up there.” A constellation refers to artificial satellites that are working together as a system.

The players have to be at the cutting edge of the industry to maintain a position in the dynamic, rapidly evolving New Space race. “They’re agile,” she states. “They’re super-fast to market.”

Naturally, data collection is a major part of the industry. For example, around a decade ago, Spirit Electronics was involved in a program to utilize constellations to track “any aircraft that’s not on the ground,” McCurdy shares. “As soon as it’s in the air, whether it’s a two-seat Cessna or a Boeing 777, this constellation tracks it now.”

Today, the industry is working to apply the same technology to the maritime sector. “It is currently one of the most unregulated things that we have,” she says. For example, if “you’ve got a big barge or a carrier coming over from Europe to America with cars on it, and they lose AIS on it, they can’t find it.” This means that anyone tracking to track the vessel is completely in the dark. It is impossible to know what might have happened. “Did it get hit by a big wave? Is it lost? Did it sink?” In other situations, vessels go off the grid intentionally. They “turn their AIS off because they don’t want to be tracked,” McCurdy notes.

Utilizing New Space to keep tabs on the movement of vessels at sea will be a game changer. “All of these things in the maritime sector are going to get a little bit more oversight from the world, to know where the shipping lanes are, which ship is where. You can look at that as a classic data collection constellation that’s going up to try and help the maritime community.”

This is just one sector impacted by New Space. “It’s happening in everything,” McCurdy says. “Forestry, water management, oceanography–all these things are what New Space is tackling.”

McCurdy has been at the forefront of supporting New Space as the industry develops. “I was on a panel with the Greater Phoenix Economics Council and some of the other primes like Northrop, Boeing, Raytheon, et cetera, really discussing what is needed to support this New Space defense marketing out here from an education standpoint and trying to bring [new talent] into play,” she shares.

This enthusiasm is seen throughout America, particularly when it comes to encouraging the next generation to enter the field. “Every state is doing something from an educational standpoint to try and get young kids and new college students to say, ‘hey, I would like to have this career field, because it’s exciting,'” she says. “All of these options are out there, but it’s really lacking human resources right now, and there’s a lot going on to try to bolster that.”

Spirit Electronics works hard to stay at the forefront of opportunities in New Space. For instance, in partnership with the Arizona Commerce Authority, Spirit and a few other primes are headed to the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Scandinavia to undertake “an exchange of ideas [regarding] New Space and semiconductor capabilities [with] potential business partners. And we’ve already been going down this road this year. We have several companies in Europe now that are working with us to bring their products to the U.S. for the New Space market specifically–they don’t know how to enter it. We ended up doing some of the manufacturing in the back end so that they have some ‘Made in the USA’ capabilities. There’s a big push for companies [outside of the U.S.] to try and get into this market.”

Speaking of Spirit’s capabilities, ASIC is an acronym for Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ICs). These computer chips are multiple circuits, allowing custom programming for specific tasks. Customers choose Spirit Electronics to supply their ASIC solutions for several reasons. “One is cost, and one is securing their supply chain,” says McCurdy.

Larger companies are focused on bringing new technology to the marketplace, so it does not always make sense for them to continue to manufacture older product lines. “They’re always moving forward,” she says. “They’re churning out all the latest technology.” She uses an iPhone as an example. “With iPhones, literally every six months they’re putting something new on the market, but in order to do that, you need new technology, new cameras, higher speed–all these things.”

To be sure, not all customers are able to advance that quickly. “The aerospace and defense market actually doesn’t move at that kind of commercial pace, and they always lag in technology slightly, not because our airplanes or our jet fighters are not current… It’s because they don’t want to change the electronics once they’ve qualified them. Just imagine if you had to change something on some heat-seeking missiles, then you’ve got to shoot a bunch of them off to guarantee that it works again; in other words, you’ve got to requalify it. So the military always lags, and then because of that, they want the supply chain to be 20 years long.”

On the other hand, when it comes to the commercial space, “that product line is maybe a year or two long,” she points out. Customers in aerospace and defense, who need a longer life cycle for their supply chain, turn to Spirit Electronics, and, in doing so, take advantage of the customization the team offers. “All of a sudden, you have this very sophisticated chip that now will help them secure their supply chain for the next 20 years, plus it has added technology [that] actually enhances what they had originally.”

Certainly, Spirit Electronics is always moving forward. Quick to take advantage of foundry consolidation within the industry, the company now offers foundry services in collaboration with Texas Instruments, and this access is only the beginning. Spirit continues to grow and adapt to best meet its customers’ needs. “We have been in acquisition mode here the last couple of years,” McCurdy tells us. “The one piece we have missing in the entire ecosystem is assembly. So we’re trying hard to get some assembly in-house, and we’re hoping to do that so we can package up our own silicon and manage the complete turnkey process as opposed to outsourcing that one small thing.”

With such a strong track record and focused strategy, Spirit Electronics is sure to meet that goal–and plenty more. As it does, Manufacturing in Focus will continue to keep an eye on this market-leading company.

View the full edition here

Ep. 62: The Next Chapter in New Space: Jim Cantrell and the Phantom Space Story

Ep. 62: The Next Chapter in New Space: Jim Cantrell and the Phantom Space Story

Get the inside scoop on industry news and technology!

In this episode, Marti interviews Co-Founder and CEO Jim Cantrell on his history in the space industry and the trajectory of satellite and launch vehicle builder Phantom Space.

In this episode, Marti interviews Co-Founder and CEO Jim Cantrell on his history in the space industry and the trajectory of satellite and launch vehicle builder Phantom Space. Jim’s backstory connects the industry’s government space age heritage with the shift to Low-Earth orbit satellite launches and data collection applications among private and commercial launch companies.

Jim and Marti also discuss the value of the Arizona workforce, technology ecosystem and space industry. Phantom Space is headquartered in Tucson, AZ, making space more accessible through satellite manufacturing, their Daytona launch system, and space-data applications. Find out more at: PhantomSpace.com.

Spirit Electronics is an end-to-end supply chain partner, offering engineering services, MIL-STD testing, assembly, and franchised component distribution to the New Space market. Learn more about New Space at: SpiritElectronics.com/New-Space.

Spirit Electronics Adds Zero-Error Systems to Provide Ultra-High Reliability Protection from Radiation in Space Applications

Spirit Electronics announces franchised distribution for Zero-Error Systems (ZES) to support ultra-high reliability semiconductors and ICs operating in challenging radiation environments. ZES’s proprietary solutions include radiation-hardened by design (RHBD) library cells; latchup detection and protection (LDAP) in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) parts; and power management redundancy solutions as die, packaged ICs, or licensed IP and design services.

“ZES is providing critical mission assurance through an innovative approach,” explains Spirit CEO Marti McCurdy. “Spirit’s commercial space customers often turn to COTS for lower-cost and readily available ICS and semiconductors, but those components lack radiation resiliency. ZES is a low-cost method to integrate radiation protection and guarantee mission performance from low-Earth orbit all the way out to deep space.”

ZES RHBD library cells achieve ultra-low soft-error performance with low power operations, low delay, and small area to increase processing and system reliability. RHBD can be integrated into standard front-end and back-end design flows in any foundry process. The ZES LDAP technology detects and protects COTS ICs from single event latchup (SEL). The LDAP technology can detect SEL at onset and has a rapid response time immune to aging and total ionizing dose (TID).

“Radiation protection is your insurance policy for your space mission, and our space customers must decide what level of insurance they need for success. ZES allows us to customize that coverage by applying rad-hard protections to critical components or extending it to all COTS components. For commercial space, this approach preserves low-cost agile design and production while maximizing reliability,” concludes McCurdy.

Zero-Error Systems reliability covers a full range of space applications including satellites in various levels of Earth orbits, launch vehicles, lunar missions, and deep space missions. ZES technology has flown on several legacy flights in space, and the ZES team has more than 30 years of industry experience in ultra-high reliability power semiconductor design. The company originates in Singapore and operates an office in Vienna, Virginia. Spirit is the first U.S.-based distributor for ZES, opening an avenue for made-in-the-USA rad-hard semiconductor solutions.

Spirit is uniquely positioned to offer ZES RHBD and LDAP paired with Spirit’s foundry services, ASIC programs, and assembly services. Spirit supports each step of the IC supply chain from foundry to chip packaging, reliability testing, and assembly.

Spirit Electronics Offers TE Connectivity’s Sensor Products in Franchised Distribution Agreement

Spirit Electronics announces franchised distribution for TE Connectivity’s sensor product lines. TE Sensors are engineered for performance and reliability, offering flexible and durable solutions for Spirit’s aerospace and defense customers.

“Sensors are critical to military and space, and TE Connectivity has the flight heritage to offer some of the best flexible and reliable sensing solutions,” says Spirit CEO Marti McCurdy. “In space and in flight, sensors are the input point for data collection, monitoring, and detection, and TE Connectivity’s sensors support the full spectrum of our customers’ applications.”

Spirit’s franchised distribution agreement covers TE Connectivity’s sensor products, which include sensors for temperature, pressure, force, position, vibration and scanning. TE Sensors are used in cockpit controls, flight controls and actuation, landing gear and brakes, engines, launch and space explorations.

TE Sensors have supported specialized NASA space applications for over 40 years, including qualified thermistors for extended space flight under the NASA GSFC S-311-P-18 specification. TE’s recently developed MEMS accelerometer flew on the Solar Impulse project, and their negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors and fluxgate magnetometers (FGMs) supported the scientific observation mission on NASA’s Juno spacecraft.

TE Sensors offer superior performance in harsh environments, as well as customizable sensors for increased reliability and smaller form factors. “We are seeing increasing opportunities for sensing applications in commercial New Space, with the focus on Small Sats, cube sats, and constellations. Satellites depend on sensing for positioning and operations,” explains McCurdy.

Spirit Electronics is excited to add TE Sensors to its curated line card of products, including FPGAs, power management, memory, crystal oscillators, passives and discrete components. Paired with MIL-STD-883 testing, assembly, and engineering services, Spirit provides end-to-end supply chain support to deliver the full bill of materials for defense, aerospace, satellite and government and commercial space programs.

Learn more about TE Sensors.

Spirit’s Synergistic Supply Chain Solutions Featured in SatMagazine

As seen in Satmagazine (SatMagazine):

New Space industry growth is rocketing toward a $1.8 trillion global value by 2035 according to the World Economic Forum — at the close of 2023, more than 9,000 active satellites flew in orbit about the Earth (SIA Report).

Thanks to innovative design and advancing microelectronic technologies, smallsats, cubesats, and satellite constellations are launching at higher and faster rates for a wide range of applications in Low-Earth orbit (LEO).

Achieving orbit, economic growth, and mission success will be dependent on the semiconductor supply chain’s ability to support New Space. The supply chain must meet needs around quantity, production pace, launch schedules, and mission designs.

Spirit Electronics is perfectly positioned to offer supply chain support for New Space applications and rapid deployment through franchised distribution access to a range of the industry’s best components, modules, and subsystems.

Add in-house engineering services, reliability testing, packaging, and assembly, and the New Space supply chain can achieve a synergy of stability and agility to meet the industry’s rapidly advancing goals.

Anatomy of a Commercial Satellite

New Space satellite design is driven by application and sizing can range from large and medium satellites down to microsatellites, nanosatellites and picosatellites. Cubesats are generally in the range of nanosatellites, measuring 10x10x10 cm. Multiple satellites may deploy together as a constellation or a swarm.

Common design trends center around an off-the-shelf computer with additional sensors, computer interface modules, power management, data retrieval modules, or other custom modules to meet the application needs. These may be assembled from individual microelectronic components or multi-component modules supporting a particular function.

Modules and Subsystems

Modules are an emerging trend in the New Space supply chain as they integrate a range of components and functionality into a single unit that can be quickly assembled and configured for launch.

Modules often include remote sensing, optical detectors, computing, and even additive manufacturing (3D printed) structures.

The decision for New Space companies is whether to buy modules or design and build custom modules from components themselves when considering costs and production timelines.

Spirit works with multiple manufacturers producing modules and circuit cards with space applications. In example, Texas Instruments offers a range of power modules capable of satellite power management and operations. ISOCOM, a newer supplier to Spirit’s lineup, specializes in optocouplers and solid-state relays and has even created rad-hard LED modules.

Compatibility and Standardization

New Space satellite design is trending toward component and module compatibility and standardization across projects and over the long-term life of a program.

While a satellite might launch, orbit and complete its mission and useful life, the competition is always considering what will happen next. 

Designers are increasingly interested in components and module compatibility to more rapidly develop the next generation of capability.

Manufacturers within the supply chain want to support product compatibility to meet this market’s needs.

Spirit’s supply chain relationships across multiple manufacturers creates the opportunity to customize and communicate design requirements and compatibility specifications up and down the supply chain.

Design Supply Chain Efficiency

New Space satellite design embraces the functionality of off-the-shelf and commercially available components and modules. This means designers must evaluate available supply chain support early in the design cycle to ensure mission success.

Commercial satellites can take advantage of rapidly advancing technologies by designing with manufacturers’ newest off-the-shelf products, which reduces cost, accelerates delivery, and launches an efficient mission.

Working with a supply chain partner, such as Spirit, during the design stage accesses a range of franchised manufacturers for specialized product lines in New Space design. Cost, lead time, performance, and specs can be identified early in the project, with the ability to explore drop-in replacements and consider all mission parameters.

Space-Grade Component Options and Testing

Manufacturers are responding to New Space growth with a range of radiation-tolerant and plastic-packaged components, as well as launch-ready modules and subsystems that can be rapidly configured and assembled for launch.

Rad-tolerant and plastic-packaged options are tailored to New Space LEO mission requirements by reducing production costs and timelines for qualification.

The LEO environment has different radiation and environmental conditions compared to other orbit ranges. While off-the-shelf commercial products often have better survivability and performance rates on LEO missions, commercial satellite engineers and project planners must consider just how much risk off-the-shelf products could pose to mission success.

A streamlined and limited testing program can offer mission assurance while still meeting production cost and timelines. Testing only critical components and modules within mission-specific environmental conditions reduces the need to qualify all satellite components while reducing the risk of in-flight failures and production delays.

The decision comes down to what level of assurance is effective from the payload’s perspective.

Spirit Electronics provides in-house testing to complement component and module distribution. While procuring components and supporting test data from manufacturers, Spirit can test any component or system to meet mission requirements.

While LEO missions do not require the same military- or space-grade standardized qualification, Spirit can perform testing into those ranges.

As government space programs partner more and more frequently with commercial programs, this reliability range remains valuable to the New Space supply chain.

Bringing It Together Under One Supply Chain

The New Space satellite industry needs adaptable and efficient supply chain solutions to support its rapid growth. From the design stage to assembly and all the way through launch, Spirit’s supply chain services cover component and module distribution, price and lead time management, real-time status reporting, testing, and even circuit card assembly.

Just as New Space operates with agile innovation and rapid deployment, supply chain support must be agile and flexible. Trends toward modular products, compatibility, and tailored reliability testing require strong supplier relationships and integration.

Spirit’s specialized approach for New Space supply chain management streamlines multiple functions within one partner for a synergistic and stable supply chain.

Ep. 61: State of the Semiconductor Industry with Spirit Electronics VP Zef Malik

Ep. 61: State of the Semiconductor Industry with Spirit Electronics VP Zef Malik

Get the inside scoop on industry news and technology!

In this episode, Spirit VP Zef Malik joins Marti for a conversation about the driving forces and trends to watch in the semiconductor industry.

In this episode, Spirit VP Zef Malik joins Marti for a conversation about the driving forces and trends to watch in the semiconductor industry.

Zef and Marti discuss:

  • Geopolitical influences on semiconductor manufacturing in the US
  • Domestic manufacturing goals & local impacts
  • Workforce & resources for semiconductor manufacturing
  • Manufacturing automation & impact of AI
 
Contact us today for more information about Spirit’s OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly & Test) solutions, including foundry services.

Strategic Partnership with Spirit Electronics Offers Access to Growing Global Space Industry

As seen in Electronics Sourcing:

The commercial New Space market is growing rapidly with significant potential for component, module and subsystem manufacturers. According to a World Economic Forum and McKinsey 2024 report, the global space economy is projected to reach $1.8 trillion by 2035.

The Satellite Industry Association reported a record 2,781 commercial satellites deployed with 190 space industry launches in 2023. By the end of that year, 9,691 active satellites were in orbit supporting remote sensing, connectivity and communications, data collection and navigation applications.

Most space industry activity is in the American market, which accounted for 85 percent of 2023’s commercial satellite launches. Global manufacturers have much to gain from launching their technology spaceward but face unique headwinds breaking into the American market.

Commercial New Space programs have changed the production model around space and satellite applications. New Space and satellite programs have faster schedules, lower budget goals, application-specific performance requirements, shorter mission lifespans and less demanding low-Earth orbit (LEO) environments.

Government space and defense agencies have adapted to the New Space boom by increasing partnerships with commercial companies. While commercial programs have more flexibility, commercial-government partnerships still include many of the industry’s performance and testing requirements to high-reliability standards. Spirit Electronics offers a supply chain channel between the global companies and the American space market. Partnering with the right American supplier has strategic advantages.

Locality and supply chain security: Proximity to the American market impacts sales, design and supplier opportunities. Longer supply chains carry a greater risk of logistical challenges. Customer trust and supplier reliability are critical. Spirit is headquartered in Phoenix, AZ, and supports high-activity industry hubs across the country, providing locality and supply chain continuity.

American-made priority and export controls: The US government is prioritizing domestic semiconductor production. Spirit Electronics’ engineering services perform assembly and test processes within the US to bring global partners’ products under the American-made umbrella. Spirit also manages US regulatory requirements such as export controls and cybersecurity around sensitive technical data and products to support global companies in government-partnered space programs.

Flight heritage: While commercial space has opened the door to innovation and agility in product performance, technologies with a proven track record in space are more firmly entrenched in satellite and launch designs, especially in government-partnered programs. Spirit has established expertise in reliability testing for American customers and support global products through the necessary qualification stages to meet a full range of New Space mission requirements.

Outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) availability: Packaging and assembly is often outsourced, but supply sources within the US are limited in capacity. Spirit specializes in low-volume high-mix products, which directly supports space and satellite programs for prototyping or production volumes varying from single satellites to full constellations.

The best access to the American space marketing is through a supply chain partnership that offers proximity, logistical support and American-based services that establish reliability. Spirit supports a wide range of engineering and distribution services that offer multiple points of entry.

Many global companies are fabless, outsourcing all production after the design stage. Others may outsource only finishing processes, such as testing. Spirit Electronics’ engineering services support design, ASICs, foundry access, reliability testing and packaging and assembly to cover all stages of production.

Foundry services:

Foundry services support manufacturing at the wafer level. For fabless companies or companies designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), a foundry partner provides access to high-quality fabs as well as logistics management to manufacture ICs stateside.

Reliability testing:

Whether flexible requirements for LEO applications and satellites or stricter high-reliability requirements for space exploration and government programs, space customers will want components, modules and assemblies to undergo reliability testing for mission assurance. Spirit performs environmental testing, electrical testing or radiation testing that will establish a product’s performance parameters for customers in the American market.

Packaging and assembly:

Component-level packaging includes substrate design and sourcing and assembly semiconductor die into a ceramic or plastic chip package. While traditional space programs rely on ceramic or hermetically sealing packaging, plastic packaging in radiation tolerant products is increasingly popular among commercial space programs operating in lower orbits. Spirit also provides circuit card assembly with automated component placement onto a printed circuit board. Modules and subsystems might undergo box assembly or other final assembly stages. Each assembly step is an opportunity to bring the product into the American supply chain ready for the end customer’s use.

Spirit Electronics is a franchised distributor for a range of manufacturers from FPGA products at the heart of many designs to some of the best power management, sensing and supporting components used in commercial space designs. With access to customers’ full bill-of-materials, Spirit finds design and drop-in replacement opportunities for global technologies.

Spirit is more just a pass-through logistical shipping stop in the global supply chain. As a specialized distributor with space experience, Spirit manages reliability and security requirements and provides customers relationships and opportunities. This established distribution channel also supports sourcing for international module and subsystem manufacturers.

Commercialization for space and satellite technology has boosted the growth of global space agency investment and launch activity. The result is high-value technology growth among global companies with potential applications for American commercial and government programs.

With the majority of the space industry launching in the US, global space companies cannot afford to ignore the American space market. Working with a supply chain partner like Spirit Electronics creates opportunities to establish flight heritage and product reliability as the space industry continues to grow.

Ep. 60: ISOCOM Optoelectronics and Solid-State Relays for Space Applications with Thomas Bayat

Ep. 60: ISOCOM Optoelectronics and Solid-State Relays for Space Applications with Thomas Bayat

Get the inside scoop on industry news and technology!

In this podcast, Spirit Electronics CEO Marti McCurdy talks with aerospace and defense experts about high-reliability components and industry-rocking topics affecting the supply chain.

In this episode, ISOCOM CEO and Managing Director Thomas Bayat shares background on the company’s product offerings for commercial space and satellites.

From solid state relays that replace mechanical relays to optocouplers, ISOCOM products have a long running space heritage, including some products still functional on the International Space Station today.

Marti and Thomas discuss product design, radiation testing, and ISOCOM’s innovative flexibility when it comes to designing products, including custom LED assemblies with nuclear energy and space applications.

ISOCOM is an optoelectronics and microelectronics design and manufacturing company based in the UK. Spirit Electronics is bringing ISOCOM products to the US aerospace and defense market as a franchised distributor.

Spirit Electronics Adds Oscillator Manufacturer Q-Tech to Franchised Distribution Lines

Spirit Electronics announces franchised distribution for Q-Tech Corporation, offering crystal oscillators for the aerospace and defense supply chain. Q-Tech produces high-reliability crystal oscillators for space, military, avionics and extreme environment applications. The Q-Tech product portfolio adds to Spirit’s curated domestic space and defense product lines alongside supply chain services including MIL-STD-883 testing, circuit card assembly, and ASIC programs.

“Q-Tech has a long-standing flight heritage with their product portfolio of crystal oscillators,” says Spirit CEO Marti McCurdy. “Q-Tech specializes in space- and defense-grade high-performance products that are essential to our customers’ mission success, making them an ideal supply chain partner.”

Q-Tech pioneered hybrid crystal oscillator technology as the first manufacturer to appear on the MIL-PRF-55310 qualified products list in 1972. Since then, Q-Tech oscillators have supported government and commercial space programs, both in the U.S. and internationally, as an award-winning manufacturer. Q-Tech supports high-reliability products, including temperature-controlled and radiation-hardened hybrid oscillators capable of performance in harsh environments.

Spirit Electronics’ franchised distribution lines include space- and defense-grade manufacturers of semiconductors, FPGAs, power management, capacitors, interconnects and more. With the ability to source a full bill of materials, test and screen to MIL-STD-883, and perform circuit card assembly, Spirit supports space and defense customers by managing supply chain services all under one supplier.

“Q-Tech’s design range and product development really complement Spirit’s agility and breadth of service for the space and defense markets,” concludes McCurdy.